The Influence of Augmented Reality-Based Learning Media on the Understanding of Mathematical Concepts in Elementary School Children

This research investigates the impact of Augmented Reality (AR) based learning media on the understanding of mathematical concepts among primary school children. Employing a literature review method, the study outlines recent findings in literature concerning the application of AR in mathematics education. The results indicate that the use of AR can enhance motivation, active participation, and the understanding of mathematical concepts among primary school children. AR's ability to present material in a more concrete and applicable form has a positive impact on the understanding of concepts that are often challenging for students at their cognitive development level. Despite challenges in implementation and infrastructure development, this research provides a foundation for the integration of AR in mathematics education in primary schools. It is recommended that the implementation of AR be carefully considered in the primary school mathematics curriculum with adequate teacher training and appropriate infrastructure investment.


INTRODUCTION
The importance of basic education as the foundation for shaping understanding and thinking skills in children cannot be ignored.One key element in the elementary education curriculum is the subject of mathematics, which plays a significant role in the development of students' cognitive abilities.However, amidst its benefits, there are significant challenges in presenting sometimes complex mathematical concepts in a fun and easily digestible way for elementary school children [1], [2].Teaching mathematics at the primary level requires a creative and innovative approach to effectively convey concepts that may be challenging for children to grasp.The emergence of technology, particularly Augmented Reality (AR), opens new opportunities to enrich the learning experience.By leveraging AR, teachers can create interactive and engaging learning environments, allowing students to explore mathematical concepts through more realistic and concrete visual experiences [3].
The advancement of technology brings new hope in enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of mathematics teaching at the elementary education level.The use of Augmented Reality (AR)-based learning media can help overcome barriers that may arise in introducing complex mathematical concepts to children [4].By leveraging the advantages of AR technology, educators can create visual simulations that facilitate students in understanding abstract ideas in mathematics more easily and enjoyably [5].However, while AR technology provides significant progress in enriching mathematics learning, the main challenge remains in finding a balance between the use of technology and the need for social interaction and the development of interpersonal skills in children.Therefore, a holistic approach that encompasses both technological aspects and socioemotional learning needs to be implemented to achieve the primary education goals of fostering deep understanding and critical thinking skills in children optimally [6] [7] In recent years, the role of Augmented Reality (AR) in the field of education has garnered significant attention.AR has not only become an innovative tool but also brings new possibilities in the context of elementary education [8].The uniqueness of AR lies in its ability to merge the real world with virtual elements, creating a learning experience that is not only engaging but also captivating, especially for elementary school students [9].The primary focus of this research is to explore the potential and effectiveness of using AR-based learning media in enhancing the understanding of mathematical concepts in elementary school children.In an era where technology is increasingly permeating the classroom, this study seeks to address crucial questions regarding how AR can be integrated into the mathematics curriculum to maximize the learning process.
"Why has AR become so intriguing in the context of elementary education?With its ability to create deep simulations and visualizations, AR provides an immersive learning experience [10].
For elementary school children, the integration of the real world with mathematical elements in a more enjoyable and easily understandable visual format can be key to unlocking the understanding of mathematical concepts that may be challenging to grasp through conventional teaching methods [11].This research will not only explore the potential of AR in enhancing the understanding of mathematical concepts in elementary school children but will also include methods to assess the effectiveness of AR.How do students respond to the use of AR? Are there significant differences in the understanding of mathematical concepts between students learning through AR compared to conventional methods?These questions form the basis for evaluating the extent to which AR can be an effective tool in improving the quality of mathematics education at the elementary level." Conventional teaching methods often face challenges in maintaining students' enthusiasm and deep understanding of the learning material.Limitations in providing dynamic and interactive learning experiences can hinder students' potential to truly grasp mathematical concepts optimally [12].Therefore, the integration of Augmented Reality (AR) technology is expected to be a revolutionary solution in addressing these issues.By leveraging AR technology, the learning environment can be transformed into a more dynamic and interactive one [12].Students are not merely presented with mathematical concepts in the form of text or images; instead, they can directly experience how these concepts interact with the real world through virtual elements applied by AR.This creates a captivating learning experience and motivates students to actively participate in the learning process.
In addition to enhancing the dynamics of learning, the integration of AR is also expected to boost student motivation.With the visual and interactive elements presented by AR, mathematics learning no longer feels rigid and monotonous.Students can experience the joy of exploring mathematical concepts through engaging and enjoyable AR experiences.This heightened motivation is believed to strengthen students' interest in learning mathematics and result in a deeper understanding [10].Furthermore, the integration of AR is expected to facilitate a comprehensive understanding of mathematical concepts [11].By providing more concrete and realistic visualizations, AR helps students connect mathematical concepts with everyday life contexts.This holistic understanding not only aids students in solving mathematical tasks but also enhances memory retention and the application of concepts in real-life situations.Thus, the integration of AR technology into the mathematics learning process is not just about introducing innovation but also about creating a stimulating learning environment that motivates and supports a thorough understanding of concepts [8].This represents a shift towards a paradigm change in elementarylevel mathematics education, making learning more vibrant and meaningful for students' development.
The importance of this research lies not only in exploring the potential of AR as a learning tool but also in gaining a deep understanding of how the use of this technology can impact the cognitive development of elementary school children.By detailing the impact of AR-based learning media on the understanding of mathematical concepts, this research can make a significant contribution to the development of effective teaching strategies at the elementary education level.
The conclusions drawn from this research are expected to provide practical guidance for educators and policymakers to enhance the quality of mathematics education at the elementary level through the utilization of AR technology.

METHODS
The methodology employed in this research will be elaborated in detail as follows [13]: 1) Identification of Research Scope: This study will commence by identifying the relevant scope related to the impact of Augmented Reality (AR)-based learning media on the understanding of mathematical concepts in elementary school children.The scope selection will encompass recent literature discussing the concept of AR in mathematical education, particularly at the elementary school level.2) Literature Search and Selection: The researcher will conduct a literature search using academic databases and relevant digital libraries.Selection of literature sources will be carried out considering inclusion criteria such as quality, freshness of information, and relevance to the research objectives.3) Critical Analysis of Literature: The researcher will critically analyze the selected literature, including identifying key findings, methodologies employed by previous researchers, as well as strengths and weaknesses of each study.This analysis will provide a foundation for formulating a comprehensive understanding of the impact of AR on the understanding of mathematical concepts in elementary school children.4) Development of Theoretical Framework: Based on the literature analysis, the researcher will develop a theoretical framework that encompasses the relationship between the use of AR-based learning media and the understanding of mathematical concepts.This theoretical framework will serve as the basis for formulating research questions and hypotheses.5) Synthesis of Literature: The researcher will compile a literature synthesis that includes key findings, differing opinions, and conclusions from relevant studies.This synthesis will form the basis for constructing arguments and research recommendations.6) Preparation of Research Report: Finally, the researcher will compile a research report comprising an introduction, theoretical framework, literature study methodology, results of literature analysis, and conclusions.This report will provide a comprehensive overview of existing literature and the potential contribution of this research to the understanding of mathematical concepts in elementary schools through AR-based learning media.
This literature study method is designed to gather and organize recent findings in the literature with the aim of establishing a strong foundation for further research on the influence of AR-based learning media in the context of mathematics education at the elementary school level.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Based on the literature review conducted, the findings of this research reveal several insights regarding the impact of Augmented Reality (AR)-based learning media on the understanding of mathematical concepts in elementary school children.[15].
In conclusion, the literature findings provide evidence that the use of Augmented Reality (AR)-based learning media has significant potential in enhancing the understanding of mathematical concepts in elementary school children.However, implementation challenges and infrastructure development need to be carefully addressed to maximize the benefits of using this technology in the context of primary education.As a contribution to scientific literature, this research establishes a strong foundation to support the development of innovative mathematics teaching strategies at the elementary school level.
In this ever-evolving digital era, a paradigm shift in the education landscape is becoming increasingly apparent, bringing with it new opportunities and challenges that inspire breakthroughs in teaching methods [9].One of the most prominent innovations is the use of Augmented Reality (AR)-based learning media in mathematics education at the Elementary School (SD) level.The implementation of this technology is transforming the educational landscape in an engaging and dynamic way, presenting a more effective approach to delivering mathematical concepts to children [16].In this context, it is important to reflect on the impact of AR on the understanding of mathematical concepts in elementary school children.With technological advancements, AR emerges as a pioneer in opening doors to learning transformation.Its ability to merge the real world with virtual elements adds a new dimension to mathematics education.Children are not merely facing numbers and formulas in textbooks; instead, they can interact with mathematical concepts directly, understanding them in a more real and relevant context.
By incorporating Augmented Reality (AR) into mathematics education, students can leverage immersive and interactive learning experiences [5].This brings mathematical concepts out of the traditional framework and integrates them into students' everyday lives.For example, through AR, students can observe and manipulate geometric shapes around them, creating experiences that deepen their understanding of mathematical concepts.However, amidst these advancements, challenges arise in integrating AR into the curriculum in a balanced and comprehensive manner [17].It is crucial to ensure that the implementation of AR not only captivates students' attention but also helps achieve the established learning goals in mathematics.Therefore, in exploring the use of AR in mathematics education at the Elementary School (SD) level, emphasis should be placed on how this technology can be wisely integrated to provide maximum benefits for the development of children's understanding of mathematical concepts [18].
The importance of Augmented Reality (AR)-based learning media in the context of mathematics education at the Elementary School (SD) is increasingly evident through positive findings in the literature.One notable outcome is the improvement in students' motivation and active participation when using AR [1].Engaging children in enjoyable and dynamic learning experiences, AR provides flexibility to transform their perception of mathematics.From a subject often considered difficult, mathematics becomes an intriguing challenge that sparks students' interest and enthusiasm for learning.Based on the literature, AR is also recognized for its ability to help elementary school children understand mathematical concepts more deeply [19].By presenting mathematical material in a more concrete and applicable form, AR facilitates the understanding process by overcoming the difficulties of mathematical abstraction often faced by students at their cognitive development level [20].The use of visual and interactive elements in AR creates a more realistic learning experience, allowing students to see and explore mathematical concepts in the context of their daily lives.
Furthermore, the literature also highlights that AR can create a more personalized and tailored learning experience based on students' needs [21].With this technology, teachers can design learning experiences that align with each student's level of understanding and skills, assisting them in overcoming learning barriers with a more individualized approach.Thus, the positive findings in the literature regarding the use of AR in mathematics education at the Elementary School (SD) level indicate that this technology not only provides motivation and interactivity but is also effective in helping students understand mathematical concepts more deeply [22].Its implications are highly significant in improving the quality of learning and transforming the perception of mathematics from something daunting into an engaging challenge accessible to all students.
The use of Augmented Reality (AR)-based learning media in elementary school children not only has a positive impact on motivation and understanding of mathematical concepts but also contributes to the development of their cognitive skills.Literature notes that problem-solving and critical thinking can be enhanced through direct interaction with virtual objects presented by AR [23].In this way, AR stimulates creativity and abstract thinking abilities at an age still in the developmental process [24].However, alongside these positive achievements, the literature also highlights several challenges in implementing AR learning media in the elementary school environment.Factors such as the availability of technological infrastructure and teacher training become critical elements influencing the success of AR implementation [25].Adequate hardware availability and internet connectivity are essential prerequisites to ensure a smooth learning experience.Additionally, the role of teachers in understanding and integrating AR technology into teaching also requires continuous training efforts.
Despite facing these challenges, the literature indicates that thoughtful investment and support from various stakeholders can help overcome these obstacles.Furthermore, contextual learning design becomes essential when considering the applicability of AR-based learning media [26].Customizing learning to align with the curriculum context and student needs can maximize the potential of AR in achieving mathematics learning objectives.Thus, the success of AR implementation in elementary schools relies not only on technological aspects but also on a profound understanding of the actual learning needs and conditions.

CONCLUSION
By delving into the literature on the impact of Augmented Reality (AR)-based learning media on the understanding of mathematical concepts in elementary school children, this research concludes that the use of AR has significant potential to enhance motivation, active participation, and understanding of mathematical concepts at the elementary level.Its implications create new opportunities for the development of more dynamic and effective learning strategies.

RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the research findings, it is recommended that the implementation of AR-based learning media be carefully integrated into the elementary school mathematics curriculum.Training for teachers is necessary to understand and optimize the potential of AR, along with investments in technology infrastructure in elementary schools.Additionally, further research can be directed towards the long-term effects of AR usage on student learning outcomes and cognitive skills.

1 )
[6]roved Motivation and Learning Enthusiasm: Literature indicates that the use of AR in teaching mathematics to elementary school children can enhance motivation and enthusiasm for learning.AR's ability to create immersive and interactive learning experiences can make mathematics education more engaging for students[4].2) Deeper Understanding of Concepts: Several studies show that the use of AR can enhance the understanding of mathematical concepts.Integrating virtual elements into the real world helps students conceptualize mathematical abstractions in a more concrete manner, facilitating their comprehension of complex concepts[3].3)CognitiveSkill Development: AR-based learning media can play a crucial role in the development of cognitive skills in children, such as problem-solving and critical thinking.Direct interaction with virtual objects can strengthen the connection between mathematical concepts and their application in real-life situations[6].
4) Implementation Challenges and Infrastructure Development: Some studies also emphasize the challenges of implementing AR in elementary school environments, including the need for adequate technological infrastructure and teacher training.The availability of suitable AR devices in schools and teachers' understanding of technology utilization are critical factors [14].5) Importance of Contextual Learning Design: Literature highlights the necessity of designing AR learning content that aligns with the curriculum context and student needs.Appropriate learning design can enhance the effectiveness of AR-based learning media in achieving mathematics learning objectives