West Science Nature and Technology

Sustainable Agriculture Practices: Economic, Ecological, and Social Approaches to Enhance Farmer Welfare and Environmental Sustainability

Yohanes Kamakaula — 2024-06-06

This research aims to examine sustainable agricultural practices from economic, ecological, and social perspectives and how this approach can improve farmers' welfare and environmental sustainability. The research method used is a literature review, which collects and analyzes information from various sources such as scientific journals, books, and research reports. The results show that farm diversification, product value addition, and production efficiency are key strategies that can enhance farmers' economic welfare. From an ecological perspective, soil and water conservation practices, biodiversity management, and reducing chemical use are crucial for environmental sustainability. Socially, sustainable agriculture positively impacts farmers' welfare, community empowerment, and public health. Policy support, access to technology and markets, and comprehensive education and training are key factors in implementing sustainable agriculture. By integrating economic, ecological, and social perspectives, sustainable agriculture can be a holistic solution to modern agricultural challenges in Indonesia.

The Impact of Government Regulations on Forest Fires on the Decline in Livelihoods of Residents in Pulang Pisau

Millenia Ardhia Garini — 2024-06-28

Forest fires in Indonesia, especially in peatlands such as Pulang Pisau, Central Kalimantan, are a serious problem that impacts the environment and the livelihoods of local communities that depend on agriculture and timber mining. The government has issued strict regulations based on Law Number 32 of 2009, Law Number 41 of 1999, and Government Regulation Number 10 of 2010 to prohibit forest burning to protect the environment. However, the implementation of these regulations often does not take into account local conditions, leading to a decline in livelihoods, poverty, and population migration. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method to analyze the impact of government regulations on forest fires and livelihood decline in Pulang Pisau. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and document analysis. The results of the study show that the regulation limits the traditional practices of communities in managing land, causing a decrease in income and increasing poverty. Community adaptation to these regulations includes diversification of income sources, training, use of technology, and increased community cooperation. The study recommends increased support through proper training, access to environmentally friendly agricultural technologies, and better coordination between central and local governments. A holistic approach is needed to balance environmental protection and the economic well-being of the community. Effective regulatory implementation and ongoing support are expected to reduce forest fires without sacrificing the livelihoods of local communities.

Probing the Nexus Effect of CO2 Emissions, Fossil Fuels, Energy Imports and Economic Growth on Renewable Energy Consumption in OIC Member Countries in Southeast Asia: Evidence from Panel Data Estimations

Rahmat Olii — 2024-06-28

In recent years, the role of renewable energy sources has increased in the amount of energy consumed worldwide. Much remains unknown about the components that influence renewable energy consumption. This article addresses this issue for the Southeast Asian countries that are members of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC): Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam. Besides having major energy resources, the region is well suited for renewable energy development as it can measure the effects of carbon dioxide emissions, fossil fuels, energy imports, and economic growth. In this study, we found that there is no statistically significant difference in renewable energy consumption in previous years; economic growth and concurrent increases in carbon dioxide and fossil fuel emissions do not have a positive impact on renewable energy use in the OIC region of Southeast Asia; and the impact of energy imports has a significant impact on the consumption of renewable energy. In addition, how the findings of this study impact policy is discussed.

Analysis of Factors Influencing the Transformation of the Workforce from the Agricultural Sector to the Non-Agricultural Sector in Bagik Polak Village, West Lombok Regency

Sumarni Puspawati — 2024-06-28

This study aims to analyze the influence of income, education, age and gender on the transformation of the workforce from the agricultural sector to the non-agricultural sector in Bagik Polak Village. The type of research used in this study is the associative quantitative method. The test was carried out on 94 respondents spread across 7 hamlets, namely Karang buncu lauq, Karang buncu Barat, Karang buncu daye, Rerot, Karang kebon timur, Karang kebon Barat and Enjak. Data was obtained by distributing questionnaires and sampling research using the purposive sampling method. The analysis tool used is logistic regression (logit) which has three tests including Assessing the Overall Model Fit, Testing the Feasibility of the Regression Model (Goodness of Fit Test) and Determination Coefficient (Nagelkerke's R Square). As well as statistical tests, namely the Likelihood Ratio Test (Simultaneous Test F) and the Wald Test (Partial Test t). The results of the analysis show that purely of the four variables used in this study, there are two variables that have a positive and significant effect, namely income with a significant value of 0.045< 0.05; and education with a significant value of 0.019 < 0.05. Meanwhile, the age variables with a significant value of 0.796 > 0.05 and gender with a significant value of 0.851 > 0.05 did not have a significant effect on the transformation of the workforce from the agricultural sector to the non-agricultural sector in Bagik Polak Village. Meanwhile, simultaneously that together, the independent variable (X) has an effect on the transformation of the workforce from the agricultural sector to the non-agricultural sector with a significant chi-square value of 0.004 < 0.05. Meanwhile, Nagelkerke's R2 value shows that all independent variables are able to explain the dependent variable by 42.7% and the remaining 57.3% are explained by other variables that are not included in the model.

Influence of Government Policy, Community Ecological Awareness, and Adoption of New Technology on Successful Forest Management in Kalimantan

Loso Judijanto — 2024-06-28

Forest management is a critical concern in Kalimantan, Indonesia, where rapid deforestation and ecological degradation pose significant environmental challenges. This study explores the influence of government policy, community ecological awareness, and new technology adoption on successful forest management. Utilizing a quantitative research design, data were collected from 170 respondents, including government officials, community leaders, and forest management professionals. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using Partial Least Squares (PLS) was employed for data analysis. The findings reveal that government policy, community ecological awareness, and new technology adoption significantly impact forest management success. Government policy emerged as the most influential factor, followed by new technology adoption and community ecological awareness. These results underscore the importance of an integrated approach that combines robust policies, active community engagement, and advanced technologies to enhance forest management outcomes. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers in developing effective strategies for sustainable forest management in Kalimantan and similar regions.

Effectiveness of No-till Farming, Cover Cropping, and Crop Rotation in Improving the Sustainability of the Agricultural Sector in West Java

Loso Judijanto — 2024-06-28

This study explores the effectiveness of three sustainable agriculture practices—No-till Farming, Cover Crops, and Crop Rotation—in enhancing the sustainability of the agricultural sector in West Java, Indonesia. Using structural equation modeling (SEM-PLS) to analyze survey data from 180 farmers, the study reveals positive relationships between each practice and sustainability outcomes. Cover Cropping emerges as particularly impactful, followed by No-till Farming and Crop Rotation. These findings emphasize the critical role of integrating these practices into agricultural policies and extension programs to bolster environmental resilience and economic viability across West Java.

The Effect of Digitalization on Marine Ecosystem Alignment and the Role of Technology in Natural Resource Management in Sulawesi

Bekti Utomo — 2024-06-28

This study aims to review the impact of digitalization on marine ecosystem management with a specific focus on Sulawesi, Indonesia. It explores how advanced technologies such as remote sensing, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), machine learning, and blockchain are revolutionizing the monitoring, predictive capabilities, and sustainability practices in marine resource management. The review highlights both the transformative potential of these technologies and the associated challenges including infrastructural limitations, skill gaps, and the lagging adaptation of policy frameworks. The integration of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) with modern digital tools is emphasized as a critical approach for enhancing the effectiveness and acceptability of technological interventions in marine conservation efforts. The findings suggest that while digital tools offer substantial benefits for ecosystem management, their full potential can only be realized through strategic solutions to overcome existing barriers, fostering an inclusive approach that combines innovation with traditional practices. This review contributes to the understanding of digitalization's role in marine ecosystem sustainability and provides a foundation for future research directions.

Bibliometric Analysis of Biotechnology Development

Loso Judijanto — 2024-06-28

This study utilizes bibliometric analysis to explore the landscape of biotechnology research from a comprehensive perspective, focusing on thematic clusters, research trends, research opportunities, and author collaboration networks. Through a series of visualizations created using VOSviewer, we identify four major thematic clusters: industrial applications, agricultural biotechnology, biotechnological processes, and commercial development. Our temporal analysis traces the progression from foundational research towards advanced applications and industry integration, occurring over the last two decades. The research opportunities identified include expanding studies in underrepresented areas like microalgae, biodiversity, and innovative biotechnological tools. Additionally, our analysis of author collaborations reveals diverse patterns, ranging from tight-knit groups to independent researchers, indicating varied collaborative dynamics. The findings provide a nuanced understanding of the evolution, current state, and emerging trends within biotechnology, offering valuable insights for future research directions and strategic industry applications.

Knowledge Mapping in Agricultural Economics

Eny Fahrati — 2024-06-28

This study utilizes VOSviewer to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the agricultural economics literature, identifying thematic clusters, research trends, research opportunities, and collaboration networks among authors. Thematic cluster analysis reveals distinct research domains such as macroeconomic impacts, technology in agriculture, productivity, and efficiency. Research trend analysis over time shows a shift from foundational studies towards more integrated approaches focusing on the impact of technological advancements and policy changes on agricultural productivity and efficiency, especially from the mid-1990s to the 2010s. Further, the exploration of less illuminated areas within the network maps highlights underexplored topics such as agricultural markets, labor, and exports, presenting new opportunities for future research. Author collaboration networks reveal both dense clusters of frequent collaborators and key individuals linking various research areas, reflecting the collaborative nature of the field. These findings underscore the evolving dynamics of agricultural economics research and provide a roadmap for addressing both micro and macro-level challenges within the sector.