Cultural Preservation in a Globalized World: Strategies for Sustaining Heritage

ABSTRACT


INTRODUCTION
Social activity has been essential in reshaping societies and propelling global transformation.
The Human Rights Movement is one of the largest and longestlasting social movements that has influenced this shift.The Human Rights Movement has not only raised awareness of various forms of social injustice but has also sparked societal reform via its persistent lobbying efforts.It is distinguished by its emphasis on advocating for fundamental rights and freedoms for all individuals [1]- [4].
T Globalization is an inevitable phenomenon characterized by increased connectivity and exchange of ideas, goods, and people across borders [1] [2].It is a sociohistorical process that initially manifested as a theory and later as a practical necessity, leading to the constitution of a single market that engulfs states, regions, and continents [2].
This complex process is linked to the economic power of large, industrialized states and, unfortunately, of great transnational companies [2].Globalization brings together countries with different development views, religions, cultures, and historical relationships, such as former colonialist countries and their old colonies [3][2].
Globalization has both positive and negative impacts on societies.On one hand, it fosters cross-cultural exchange, understanding, and economic growth [4].On the other hand, it can lead to cultural assimilation, loss of cultural heritage, and increased reliance on external resources and trade [5].The disconnection between human populations and the land and water resources that sustain them has intensified due to globalization [5].This has led to spatial decoupling of agricultural production and consumption, increasing dependence on food imports [5].
Globalization has an impact on the resilience and sustainability of natural resources [5].The intensification of international trade and the globalization of food commodities have led to increased pressure on land and water resources [5].This can result in environmental degradation and challenges to the sustainability of natural resources in the long run [6][7].

Globalization
Globalization has both positive and negative implications for cultural preservation.On one hand, it facilitates the exchange of cultural knowledge, ideas, and practices among societies, leading to greater cross-cultural understanding, appreciation, and enrichment of cultural diversity [11].It also enables diaspora communities to maintain their cultural ties, often resulting in vibrant cultural expressions within host countries [11].
On the other hand, globalization presents challenges to cultural preservation.
The homogenizing forces of globalization, such as the spread of Western consumer culture, can lead to the erosion of indigenous traditions and values, resulting in a loss of cultural distinctiveness and identity [11].
Cultural elements may be commodified and marketed for profit, often stripping them of their authenticity and cultural significance [11].
Additionally Barong Cave in West Java [16].Indonesia is working on developing ecological citizenship, which involves raising citizens' awareness of the environment and promoting cultural wisdom to maintain a harmonious relationship between nature and citizens [17].
Comprehensive overviews of the traditions, cultures, and kinship norms of various tribes and ethnic groups in Indonesia are being documented and studied to better understand and preserve their unique cultural aspects [18].These efforts aim to maintain Indonesia's rich cultural diversity and heritage while addressing the challenges posed by modernization, urbanization, media influence, and cultural displacement.

METHODS
To comprehensively examine the challenges and strategies associated with cultural preservation in Indonesia, a mixedmethods research design will be used.This approach combines qualitative and quantitative research methods to gather diverse data and perspectives.

Data Collection
Data collection will include a variety of methods to gain a thorough understanding of cultural preservation in Indonesia:

Qualitative Data Collection
Qualitative data will be collected through the following methods: In-depth Interviews: Semi-structured interviews will be conducted with key informants who have expertise in cultural preservation, community leaders, artists, and individuals who are actively involved in cultural preservation efforts in Indonesia.
These interviews will provide rich insights into their experiences, challenges and perspectives on cultural preservation.
Content Analysis: Archival materials, including documents, reports, media coverage, and academic literature related to cultural preservation initiatives in Indonesia, will be subjected to content analysis.This approach will help uncover historical context and insights into past and current cultural preservation efforts.

Quantitative Data Collection
Quantitative data will be collected depending on the accessibility of the respondents.

Data Analysis
Data analysis will be conducted separately for qualitative and quantitative data, using methods appropriate for each type of data.

Qualitative Data Analysis
Qualitative data from interviews and content analysis will be analyzed using

Quantitative Data Analysis
Quantitative data from the survey will be analyzed using statistical software.
The analysis will involve the following steps: Descriptive Statistics: Descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations, will be calculated to summarize the survey responses.This will provide an overview of the demographic characteristics of the participants and their opinions on cultural preservation.
Respondents were distributed across various regions of Indonesia, with urban and rural areas both well-represented.

Participation
The survey included questions related to cultural awareness and participation.Key findings included: A majority of respondents (72%) reported being aware of their cultural heritage, while 28% indicated limited awareness.Approximately 68% of respondents reported actively participating in cultural activities, while 32% indicated limited or no participation.

Strategies
Survey respondents provided their opinions on various cultural preservation strategies: Nearly 75% of respondents believed that cultural education, including formal education and community workshops, was important for sustaining cultural heritage.
Approximately 68% of respondents expressed the importance of documenting and archiving cultural practices and artifacts.
Over 80% of respondents supported community involvement in cultural preservation, with many indicating that it was the most effective strategy.About 62% of respondents believed that government policies and legislation were necessary to protect cultural heritage.

Challenges to Cultural Preservation
The problems covered in the literature review are consistent with the qualitative findings.In Indonesia, traditional groups and customs are still seriously threatened by modernization and through a structured survey distributed to a sample of the Indonesian population.The survey instrument will include questions designed to capture a range of perspectives and experiences related to cultural preservation: Survey Questionnaire: The survey will include closed-ended questions and Likert-scale questions addressing topics such as cultural awareness, participation in cultural activities, opinions on cultural preservation strategies, and demographic information.The questionnaire will be administered electronically or in hard copy, West Science Social and Humanities Studies  102 Vol.01, No. 03, September 2023, pp.98~106 thematic analysis.Thematic analysis involves the following steps: Data Coding: The transcribed interview data and content analysis findings will be coded systematically.Codes represent meaningful units in the data, such as recurring themes, patterns, or concepts.Theme Development: Codes will be grouped into themes based on their similarity or relevance.The themes will capture key insights, challenges and strategies relating to cultural preservation in Indonesia.Interpretation: The researchers will interpret the identified themes, exploring the implications of the themes for cultural preservation efforts in the context of globalization.Cross Validation: To enhance the validity of qualitative findings, a peer debriefing or member checking process can be used, which involves consulting experts or participants to validate interpretations and themes.

4. 1
Qualitative Findings Through in-depth interviews and content analysis of archival materials, several challenges to cultural preservation in Indonesia emerged: Modernization and Urbanization: Respondents noted that rapid modernization and urbanization are leading to the displacement of traditional communities and practices.The lure of urban life and employment opportunities in cities often results in the abandonment of traditional lifestyles in rural areas.Media Influence: The influence of global media, especially through television and the internet, was cited as a significant challenge.Respondents observed that Western media and popular culture promote consumerism and erode traditional values, especially among the younger generation.Cultural Displacement: Migration within Indonesia, as well as to other countries, and digital repositories are valuable resources for preserving and sharing cultural knowledge.Community Engagement: Empowering local communities to take ownership of their cultural heritage was seen as a key strategy.Community-led initiatives are considered more sustainable and responsive to community needs.Policies and Legislation: Some respondents emphasized the role of government policies and regulations in protecting cultural heritage.They called for a legal framework to protect cultural sites, traditional knowledge and the rights of indigenous peoples.

West Science Social and Humanities Studies
Sundanese, Balinese, Batak, and many more, serves as another example of the variety of Indonesian culture.Notwithstanding its rich cultural legacy, Indonesia remains vulnerable to the impacts of globalization.The country is experiencing fast urbanization, economic growth, and exposure to popular culture and international media.These elements may cause indigenous populations to be uprooted, ancient customs to be lost, and younger generations to become disconnected from their cultural heritage.